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IN INDONESIA, there are a number of world cultural heritage sites or world heritage recognized by UNESCO or the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.
Among the world’s cultural heritages in Indonesia recognized by UNESCO, the most famous is the Borobudur Temple. However, in fact there are still several world cultural heritages in Indonesia that are recognized by UNESCO.
Table of Contents List of world cultural heritages in Indonesia recognized by UNESCO For example, Prambanan Temple and the Subak rice field system in Bali. So, what are the world cultural heritages in Indonesia that are recognized by UNESCO?
List of world cultural heritages in Indonesia recognized by UNESCO Summarized from the official UNESCO website, here are the world cultural heritages in Indonesia that are recognized by UNESCO:
1.Borobudur Temple
The first world cultural heritage in Indonesia recognized by UNESCO is the Borobudur Temple. This famous Buddhist temple, dating from the 8th and 9th centuries, is located in Central Java.
Borobudur Temple is built in three levels: a pyramidal base with five concentric square terraces, a conical trunk with three circular platforms and, above, a monumental stupa.
Quoted from Indonesia.go.id, the walls of this historic temple have 2,772 relief panels, 504 Buddha statues and 72 stupas covering an area of 2,500 square meters. Unlike other temples, this temple is located on a hill.
If we look from the top of the temple, it is clear that Borobudur Temple is surrounded by two pairs of twin mountains, namely, Mount Sundoro-Sumbing in the northwest and Mount Merapi-Merbabu in the northeast.
2. Prambanan Temple
The second world cultural heritage in Indonesia that is recognized by UNESCO is Prambanan Temple. Prambanan Temple was built in the 10th century, and is the largest temple complex dedicated to Lord Shiva in Indonesia.
The three largest temples in the region are decorated with reliefs depicting the story of the Ramayana, dedicated to the three great Hindu gods namely Shiva, Vishnu and Brahma and three temples dedicated to the animals that serve them.
3. Sangiran Ancient Human Site
The third world cultural heritage in Indonesia that is recognized by UNESCO is the Sangiran Ancient Human Site. Excavations at the Sangiran early human site from 1936 to 1941 resulted in the discovery of the first hominid fossils at this site.
Later, 50 fossils of Meganthropus palaeo and Pithecanthropus erectus/Homo erectus were discovered which account for half of all known hominid fossils in the world. Inhabited for the last one and a half million years, Sangiran is one of the key sites for understanding human evolution.
4. Cultural landscape
Bali Province: the Subak system as an embodiment of the Tri Hita Karana philosophy The fourth UNESCO-recognized world cultural heritage in Indonesia is the Subak system in Bali. Bali Subak’s cultural heritage consists of its five rice fields and water temples covering 19,500 ha.
The temple is the focus of a shared water management system for canals and weirs, known as subak, which dates back to the 9th century. Subak reflects the philosophical concept of Tri Hita Karana, which unites the spirit realm, the human world and nature.
This philosophy was born out of the cultural exchanges between Bali and India over the last 2,000 years and has shaped Bali’s landscape. The subak system of democratic and egalitarian farming practices has enabled the Balinese to become the most productive rice farmers in the archipelago despite the challenges of supporting a dense population.
5. The legacy of the Ombilin Sawahlunto coal mine
The fifth world cultural heritage in Indonesia that is recognized by UNESCO is the Ombilin Sawahlunto coal mine. There is a high-quality coal mining process in the Sumatra region.
This cultural heritage shows the cultural exchange between the knowledge of the local wisdom of the people of West Sumatra and the mining technology of the Europeans. Well, that’s the list of world cultural heritages in Indonesia that are recognized by UNESCO. [sources/photo special]
